This morning I watched a Ruby-throated Hummingbird visit the purple blossoms of Rough Blazing Star. For a couple of seconds she hovers at bill’s length from the flowers, then moves slightly up or around the stalk. I couldn’t see her tongue, but I knew she was using it to slurp out the nectar.
Most adult males have already migrated out of Iowa. Females and the young of the year linger a while longer. They zip around seeking flower sugar, which they will put away in the form of hummingbird fat. They must store calories to power their long migratory flight south, right across the Gulf of Mexico and on into Central America.
In bloom, Rough Blazing Star is a pole of purple. Its flowers are clustered into what look like tufted buttons along its length. A “button” could be mistaken for an individual flower, but it’s really a little bouquet, a composite of dozens of tiny flowers — florets — bound together at their bases.
Each floret will develop a seed. But first it must get pollinated. It offers a tiny gift of nectar to potential pollinators. Bees and butterflies are always working the flowers. A bumblebee laps up nectar with its long, hairy tongue. A butterfly unfurls its proboscis, probes the flower, and sucks up sweetness. In the process, the flower is pollinated.
In late summer, when many of hummers’ mainstay flowers are past (such as Cardinal Flower and Wild Bergamot), hummingbirds also attend Rough Blazing Star. A hovering hummingbird reaches into the bottom of each flower with her tongue, which she can stick out twice the length of her bill.
It’s hard to see it, because the tongue as thin as a human hair. It moves accurately and faster than our eyes can follow. She flicks it into hundreds of tiny florets, winning a microscopic bit of nectar with each thrust.
I try to imagine what the small bird sees, with her close view of the miniature blossoms. Just like many garden flowers, each floret has five out-flaring petals. They join in a tube, at the bottom of which the nectar pools.
From each floret, a long purple thread emerges. As it lengthens, it splits in two and waves in the air as if searching. Searching for pollen. The double thread is the style, the floret’s female structure. The tips are sticky, and they hold onto any pollen that touches them. The pollen comes to them on the bodies of the insects and hummingbirds who feed at the blossoms.
Blooming late in the flowering season, Rough Blazing Star is ready right when hummingbirds are migrating through the Midwest and their energy need is great.
They also bring their sweetness to my garden at the time when many flowers have stopped blooming.
Happy Birthday Diane! As always you have illuminated nature's magnificence with your words and imagery. Thank you!
Sadly we don’t have these beautiful flowers in Maine. I wish we did as the hummingbirds are still here and hungry. I also wish we had someone like you Diane to share similar knowledge and photography of our flora and fauna!